Ever since the Liberty Reserve take-down in May of last year and the confiscation of all accounts by law enforcement, fraudsters have been busy finding a solid virtual currency to which they can entrust their spoils without the risk of losing them in a bust – according to a new blog by RSA.
The obvious choices were Perfect Money and BitCoin, but both currencies carry inherent risk. Perfect Money is of questionable background, while BitCoin does not provide fraudsters the required level of anonymity and is not immune to seizure. These risks have pushed the underground to adopt – or really create – unique currency systems to help protect the financial security of its dwellers.
In a recent on-going investigation, RSA’s Fraud Intelligence agents have identified and have been tracking the growing adoption of forum-specific currencies. These financial platforms allow users to safely transact within their own community, under the supervision of the forum administrator, avoiding the use of the more public currency options such as Perfect Money and BitCoin. In some instances different forums shared the same currency further widening the use and adoption of these platforms.
MUSD
The MUSD currency is used in a single underground board, and has been active since November 2013. Forum members can use the currency to purchase items/services from each other, as well as pay for advertising on the board itself. The currency provides a built-in escrow-service and guarantees anonymity. The forum administrator vouches for the currency system and is responsible for all its operations.
One can exchange funds to or from MUSD through exchange agents. Two verified exchange agent services currently work with MUSD in this board, with one offering to cash out MUSD for hard currency in person at an office in Kiev, Ukraine. Exchange rates are linked to the US dollar and are set at 1 MUSD = $1 USD.
United Payment System
The United Payment System currency appears to be shared by four different Russian language forums, with each forum designating its own sub-currency with the forum’s initials. For example, DM RUR and MM RUR (DM and MM are initials of forum names, and “RUR” indicates Russian Ruble). Each forum has its own official exchange agent, and each exchange agent has an administrator. To make sure the exchange agent stays “honest”, a senior forum member is appointed to supervise and review the activities of the exchange agent. Funds can be added or cashed out via the exchange agents with cash out options including refilling different pre-paid cards.
The interesting thing about this currency is that it is shared across a number of forums allowing members from different forums to transact.
UAPS
UAPS has been in use for over a year and is used with two of the most powerful boards in the Russian-language cyber crime community and in fact is referred to as the ‘First Commercial Bank’ on one of them. Of the three currencies discussed here, it appears to be the most advanced and secure option for fraudsters, with ongoing improvements and upgrades being implemented by a dedicated software team. Adding funds and cashing out is available directly from the UAPS system.
The system emphasizes maintaining end-user security and privacy, implementing a strict data retention policy of just two months.
Conclusion
The advent of new private financial systems and currencies in the Russian-language cyber crime community is a trend indicating a stronger level of collaboration, cooperation and sophistication amongst individual fraudsters and between fraudster boards in the cyber crime world.
These new internal currencies are carefully administered and secured, ensuring a high level of anonymity in transaction and hiding the user identities, making it more difficult for law enforcement to trace, block, or seize funds and accounts.
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